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Table 2 Outcomes data. Mean (sd) baseline and follow-up outcome data for all variables, as well as model adjusted differences (follow-up minus baseline; difference (95% confidence intervals)) within each condition as well as between conditions. Model estimate values represent the within- and between-condition least-square mean differences adjusted for period and random subject effects from the regression modeling

From: Lateral wedges with and without custom arch support for people with medial knee osteoarthritis and pronated feet: an exploratory randomized crossover study

 

Lateral wedges (n = 24)

Lateral Wedges plus Arch Support (n = 22)

Between-conditions comparison

Variable

Baseline

Follow-up

Difference

Baseline

Follow-up

Difference

Difference

WOMAC Pain (0-20)

5.9 (3.0)

5.2 (2.9)

-0.7 (-1.8, 0.5)

6.3 (3.4)

4.0 (2.5)

-1.9 (-3.1, -0.6)*

-1.2 (-2.9, 0.5)

WOMAC Function (0-68)

20.2 (11.0)

17.6 (8.9)

-2.5 (-6.2, 1.1)

21.4 (12.5)

14.0 (8.8)

-6.1 (-9.9, -2.3)*

-3.6 (-7.9, 0.8)

FFI-R Pain (25-100%)

41.0 (17.4)

38.4 (11.9)

-2.7 (-8.9, 3.5)

43.6 (16.2)

33.0 (9.3)

-7.0 (-13.5, -0.6)*

-4.3 (-12.0, 3.4)

FFI-R Stiffness (25-100%)

39.2 (15.7)

37.1 (13.7)

-2.1 (-7.3, 3.0)

42.8 (19.5)

32.3 (9.4)

-6.3 (-11.7, -0.9)*

-4.1 (-11.0, 2.7)

Stair climb (seconds)

5.32 (1.68)

5.35 (1.54)

0.04 (-0.55, 0.63)

6.57 (4.04)

5.58 (2.29)

-0.69 (-1.3, -0.08)*

-0.73 (-1.36, -0.11)*

  1. * p < 0.05