From: The use of urea for the treatment of onychomycosis: a systematic review
 | Medicament/s | Chemical avulsion | Clinical improvement | Clinical cure | Mycological cure | Complete cure (clinical + mycological) | Adverse effects |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Bassiri -Jahromi et al. 2012 [30] | 40% urea with 1% fluconazole cream (urea in combination) | Â | 77.1% | Â | 82.8% | Â | 1 (of 70) reported mild irritation |
1% fluconazole cream | Â | 68% | Â | 62.8% | Â | Â | |
Lahfa et al. 2013 [31] | 40% urea then 1% bifonazole cream (urea as adjunct) | 86.3% | 40.4% | Â | 42.6% | 27.7% | 94.1% tolerability |
40% urea with 1% bifonazole cream (urea in combination) | 60.8% | 29.2% | Â | 58.3% | 20.8% | Â | |
Bunyaratavej at al. 2016 [32] | 40% urea | Â | 48% | 20% | 32% | 20% | NR |
5% amorolfine lacquer | Â | 85.7% | 50% | 89.3% | 50% | Â | |
Fraki et al. 1997 [33] | 40% urea for 1 week then 150 mg fluconazole (urea as adjunct) |  |  | 71% | 69% |  |  |
150 mg fluconazole |  |  | 51% | 84% |  |  | |
Escalante et al. 2013 [34] | 40% urea | Â | Â | 7% | 8.3% | Â | 3 of 12 reported periungual maceration. 1 of 12 reported onychocryptosis |
250 mg terbinafine |  |  | 43% | 8% |  |  | |
40% urea and 250 mg terbinafine (urea in combination) |  |  | 50% | 57% |  |  | |
Baran and Tosti 2002 [35] | 40% urea | 100% | Â | Â | Â | Â | Nil adverse effects reported |