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Table 2 Countermovement jump kinetics of participants when wearing control and prefabricated orthosis

From: Foot orthoses alter lower limb biomechanics but not jump performance in basketball players with and without flat feet

Variables

Foot type group

Control

Orthosis

MDorthosis [95% CI]

ANOVA p-value

(Mean ± SD)

(Mean ± SD)

Foot type

Orthosis

Interaction

Peak vertical GRF (%BW)

Normal arched

1.39 ± 0.20

1.38 ± 0.18

0.01 [− 0.01,-0.03]

.059

.332

.808

Flat-footed

1.26 ± 0.09

1.26 ± 0.09

0.01 [− 0.01,0.03]

   

MDfoot [95% CI]

0.12 [0.01,0.26]

0.12 [0.00,0.25]

    

Peak joint moment

 Hip - sagittal (Nm/kg)

Normal arched

0.51 ± 0.56

0.47 ± 0.48

0.04 [0.40,0.48]

.071

.896

.827

Flat-footed

0.27 ± 0.16

0.27 ± 0.15

−0.01 [− 0.05,0.04]

   

MDfoot [95% CI]

0.25 [− 0.11,0.60]

0.19 [− 0.12,0.51]

    

 Knee - sagittal (Nm/kg)

Normal arched

1.22 ± 0.35

1.28 ± 0.23

− 0.06 [− 0.15,0.04]

.495

.968

.188

Flat-footed

1.20 ± 0.27

1.14 ± 0.33

−0.05 [− 0.10,0.20]

   

MDfoot [95% CI]

0.03 [−0.24,0.29]

0.13 [−0.10,0.36]

    

 Ankle - sagittal (Nm/kg)

Normal arched

0.97 ± 0.21

1.01 ± 0.13

0.04 [−0.02,0.09]

.219

.774

.086

Flat-footed

0.94 ± 0.12

0.88 ± 0.18

−0.05 [− 0.15,0.05]

   

MDfoot [95% CI]

−0.04 [− 0.18,0.11]

−0.12 [− 0.25,0.01]

    

 Ankle - frontal (Nm/kg)

Normal arched

0.13 ± 0.11

0.12 ± 0.09

0.01 [− 0.01,0.03]

.910

.122

.980

Flat-footed

0.13 ± 0.06

0.12 ± 0.07

0.01 [− 0.01,0.03]

   

MDfoot [95% CI]

0.00 [−0.07,0.07]

0.00 [−0.06,0.07]

    

Peak joint power

 Hip - sagittal (W/kg)

Normal arched

4.18 ± 3.96

5.36 ± 6.97

−1.18 [−2.97,0.61]

.012

.217

.225

Flat-footed

0.27 ± 0.16

0.27 ± 0.15

−0.01 [− 0.05,0.03]

   

MDfoot [95% CI]

3.91 [1.43,6.39]

5.08 [0.71,9.45]

    

 Knee - sagittal (W/kg)

Normal arched

8.14 ± 2.93

8.33 ± 1.82

− 0.18 [−1.15,0.79]

.122

.716

.392

Flat-footed

7.22 ± 1.41

6.77 ± 1.77

0.45 [− 0.87,1.78]

   

MDfoot [95% CI]

0.92 [−1.07,2.91]

1.56 [0.05,3.06]

    

 Ankle - sagittal (W/kg)

Normal arched

7.31 ± 2.54

7.65 ± 1.78

−0.34 [−1.04,0.37]

.829

.594

.112

Flat-footed

7.66 ± 1.01

6.98 ± 2.12

0.67 [−0.56,1.90]

   

MDfoot [95% CI]

−0.34 [−1.91,1.21]

0.67 [−0.95,2.28]

    

 Ankle - frontal (W/kg)

Normal arched

0.18 ± 0.23

0.16 ± 0.12

0.02 [− 0.06,0.10]

.803

.693

.588

Flat-footed

0.15 ± 0.17

0.15 ± 0.20

0.00 [−0.05,0.05]

   

MDfoot [95% CI]

0.03 [−0.14,0.20]

0.01 [− 0.13,0.14]

    
  1. GRF ground reaction force, MDfoot mean difference in foot type (flat foot – normal arch), MDfoot mean difference in orthosis condition (orthosis – control), CI confidence intervals, ANOVA Analysis of Variance. *Significant differences (p < .05) are shown in bold
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Journal of Foot and Ankle Research

ISSN: 1757-1146