Shoes-only1 | DLS-k1 | DLS-k2 | DLS-k3 | DLS-k4 | DLS-k5 | Shoes-only2 | SH-k1 | SH-k2 | SH-k3 | SH-k4 | SH-k5 | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Speed (m•s−1) | ||||||||||||
Subject A | 1.11 (0.03) | 1.12 (0.04) | 1.14 (0.03) | 1.12 (0.04) | 1.15 (0.03) | 1.11 (0.02) | 1.07 (0.02) | 1.02 (0.03) | 0.93 (0.04) | 1.01 (0.04) | 1.02 (0.04) | 1.01 (0.02) |
Subject B | 1.27 (0.02) | 1.32 (0.02) | 1.35 (0.02) | 1.28 (0.03) | 1.31 (0.01) | 1.33 (0.02) | N/A | 1.20 (0.02) | 1.24 (0.05) | 1.13 (0.02) | 1.25 (0.02) | 1.20 (0.01) |
Subject C | 1.45 (0.03) | 1.50 (0.04) | 1.49 (0.05) | 1.50 (0.03) | 1.55 (0.05) | 1.55 (0.04) | 1.43 (0.03) | 1.34 (0.05) | 1.38 (0.04) | 1.33 (0.03) | 1.31 (0.03) | 1.27 (0.04) |
Maximum ankle angle stance (°)†; positive values are dorsiflexion, negative values plantarflexion | ||||||||||||
Subject A | 25.9 (1.1) | 18.8 (1.1) | 18.8 (0.6) | 13.8 (0.7) | 12.1 (0.7) | 10.4 (0.8) | 23.6 (0.7) | 15.7 (0.5) | 13.9 (1.3) | 14.7 (1.6) | 15.5 (0.9) | 13.5 (1.3) |
Subject B | 15.7 (1.0) | 14.1 (0.7) | 12.6 (0.7) | 10.9 (0.5) | 8.9 (0.3) | 9.0 (0.3) | N/A | 13.5 (0.8) | 12.2 (1.2) | 12.1 (1.1) | 9.4 (1.6) | 8.0 (0.4) |
Subject C | 16.6 (2.3) | 17.7 (1.2) | 22.1 (1.5) | 17.3 (0.9) | 14.4 (1.9) | 10.9 (1.5) | 12.3 (3.7) | 16.1 (2.8) | 17.0 (0.7) | 13.6 (0.6) | 15.1 (2.2) | 10.1 (1.0) |
Minimum ankle angle loading response (°)†; positive values are dorsiflexion, negative values plantarflexion | ||||||||||||
Subject A | −8.0 (1.0) | −11.9 (1.9) | −10.4 (1.5) | −10.0 (1.3) | −8.0 (0.8) | −8.1 (0.9) | −5.9 (1.2) | −9.7 (0.5) | −7.8 (0.9) | −9.8 (0.9) | −8.7 (0.5) | −9.7 (2.0) |
Subject B | −14.8 (1.1) | −5.9 (1.0) | −5.1 (0.9) | −4.1 (0.6) | −3.4 (0.2) | −3.5 (0.6) | N/A | −4.6 (0.9) | −7.3 (1.7) | −5.4 (0.1) | −6.4 (1.7) | −5.9 (0.5) |
Subject C | −15.9 (4.9) | −11.8 (1.9) | −7.5 (0.8) | −8.9 (1.4) | −6.4 (2.1) | −6.2 (0.8) | −20.1 (4.0) | −8.6 (3.8) | −4.9 (1.0) | −5.8 (1.5) | −4.6 (1.3) | −3.8 (1.4) |
Maximum internal ankle moment single stance (N•m•kg− 1); positive values are plantarflexion, negative values dorsiflexion | ||||||||||||
Subject A | 1.00 (0.04) | 1.05 (0.06) | 1.07 (0.05) | 1.11 (0.06) | 1.12 (0.02) | 1.08 (0.03) | 1.10 (0.04) | 1.14 (0.10) | 0.95 (0.07) | 1.16 (0.13) | 1.32 (0.10) | 1.33 (0.06) |
Subject B | 1.07 (0.04) | 1.25 (0.02) | 1.26 (0.03) | 1.26 (0.02) | 1.27 (0.02) | 1.26 (0.03) | N/A | 0.81 (0.04) | 0.85 (0.02) | 0.80 (0.002) | 0.82 (0.02) | 0.80 (0.02) |
Subject C | 0.91 (0.06) | 0.64 (0.03) | 0.76 (0.08) | 0.79 (0.10) | 0.90 (0.06) | 0.98 (0.06) | 0.75 (0.11) | 1.29 (0.05) | 1.19 (0.12) | 1.11 (0.09) | 1.10 (0.07) | 1.11 (0.06) |
Maximum ankle power single stance (Watt•kg−1); positive values are power generation, negative values absorption | ||||||||||||
Subject A | 2.6 (0.2) | 2.2 (0.2) | 2.1 (0.2) | 1.8 (0.3) | 1.4 (0.2) | 1.3 (0.1) | 2.3 (0.2) | 1.7 (0.2) | 1.1 (0.1) | 1.7 (0.2) | 1.9 (0.2) | 1.7 (0.2) |
Subject B | 1.5 (0.1) | 1.7 (0.1) | 1.7 (0.1) | 1.4 (0.1) | 1.3 (0.1) | 1.2 (0.1) | N/A | 1.2 (0.2) | 1.2 (0.1) | 1.1 (0.1) | 0.9 (0.1) | 0.8 (0.1) |
Subject C | 1.2 (0.2) | 1.5 (0.1) | 1.9 (0.2) | 1.9 (0.3) | 1.5 (0.2) | 1.4 (0.1) | 0.7 (0.3) | 0.6 (0.04) | 0.8 (0.2) | 0.6 (0.04) | 0.9 (0.1) | 0.8 (0.1) |
Minimum knee angle single stance (°); positive values are flexion, negative values extension | ||||||||||||
Subject A | 5.1 (0.9) | 6.1 (1.4) | 4.3 (1.1) | −0.4 (0.4) | 1.7 (0.4) | −0.2 (0.5) | 7.2 (0.8) | 8.1 (0.7) | 7.1 (0.9) | 7.3 (1.2) | 7.3 (1.5) | 5.1 (0.6) |
Subject B | 2.8 (0.5) | 4.0 (0.2) | 3.1 (0.6) | 4.4 (0.6) | 3.3 (0.2) | 3.2 (0.6) | N/A | −1.7 (0.5) | −1.5 (0.3) | −0.6 (2.7) | −2.7 (0.5) | −2.7 (0.3) |
Subject C | 16.8 (1.3) | 1.6 (0.8) | 1.4 (2.0) | −0.1 (0.7) | −1.6 (0.5) | −1.0 (4.0) | 16.4 (3.7) | 19.5 (7.2) | 12.6 (10.3) | 20.5 (3.8) | 19.8 (7.4) | 18.8 (6.8) |
Maximum knee angle early stance (°); positive values are flexion, negative values extension | ||||||||||||
Subject A | 17.6 (2.7) | 16.5 (1.0) | 17.6 (2.8) | 12.4 (1.2) | 16.5 (2.4) | 15.4 (1.1) | 16.3 (1.7) | 16.9 (1.7) | 16.1 (1.7) | 16.2 (0.7) | 19.0 (2.0) | 17.1 (0.3) |
Subject B | 25.8 (1.3) | 25.9 (1.5) | 28.5 (1.0) | 26.3 (1.8) | 28.6 (1.1) | 27.8 (1.3) | N/A | 19.9 (0.6) | 20.4 (1.6) | 22.8 (2.8) | 20.6 (1.5) | 20.8 (1.0) |
Subject C | 27.6 (1.5) | 23.7 (3.5) | 24.9 (4.6) | 26.3 (3.1) | 23.2 (1.7) | 26.1 (2.9) | 30.3 (4.2) | 27.5 (3.2) | 29.1 (2.2) | 33.0 (4.0) | 31.4 (3.5) | 30.6 (5.5) |
Minimum internal knee moment single stance (N•m•kg−1); positive values are extension, negative flexion | ||||||||||||
Subject A | 0.14 (0.03) | 0.14 (0.07) | 0.10 (0.08) | −0.09 (0.05) | −0.03 (0.04) | −0.07 (0.07) | 0.10 (0.03) | 0.07 (0.03) | 0.06 (0.07) | 0.04 (0.04) | 0.02 (0.05) | −0.07 (0.03) |
Subject B | −0.17 (0.05) | −0.20 (0.03) | −0.27 (0.03) | −0.17 (0.04) | −0.25 (0.01) | −0.22 (0.05) | N/A | −0.15 (0.03) | −0.17 (0.01) | −0.10 (0.19) | −0.22 (0.04) | −0.21 (0.03) |
Subject C | 0.33 (0.10) | 0.09 (0.03) | 0.06 (0.07) | −0.01 (0.04) | −0.12 (0.05) | −0.19 (0.14) | 0.34 (0.04) | 0.25 (0.09) | 0.09 (0.20) | 0.25 (0.07) | 0.27 (0.15) | 0.22 (0.16) |
Satisfaction about walking (NRS score)§ | ||||||||||||
Subject A | 4 | 5 | 5 | 7* | 2 | 6 | 3 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 4 | 5 |
Subject B | 4 | 6 | 6 | 6.5 | 7 | 7 | N/A | 5 | 8* | 6 | 6 | 7 |
Subject C | 5 | 4 | 3 | 7 | 6 | 8* | 6 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 4 | 6 |